Consistency and Concurrency in NewSQL Database Systems
Companies today require database systems that are reliable and capable of efficiently handling large volumes of data and numerous transactions. Traditional relational databases, once the foundation of...
View ArticleTransactions
By now, pretty much everyone has heard the stories about the first computers. They were huge, cost a fortune, required incredible amounts of air conditioning, and perhaps more importantly, ran batch...
View ArticleData Control Language (aka Security)
Like ancient Gaul, SQL is divided into three sub- languages. The DDL (Data Declaration Language) declares the data. This is where we find the data types, constraints, references and other structures...
View ArticleVIEW Objects
A view is a virtual table, created when it’s invoked by the < view name>. The goal we had in the standards is to make it behave as much like a base table as possible. Creating a View The syntax...
View ArticleTemporary Tables
There is a feature of SQL I have not seen used much and probably with good reason. It’s the use of temporary tables. These are declared with the expected DDL. Since they were relatively easy to add to...
View ArticleScales & Measurements
If you’re going to work with databases, you probably ought to know something about data. In particular, we don’t put data directly into a database; we have to encode it and represent it in a format...
View ArticleThe CREATE DOMAIN Statement
One of the least known, least used features of SQL is the CREATE DOMAIN statement. It does not exist in SQL Server as of SQL Server 2022, but it has been a part of PostgreSQL since 7.3. Some...
View ArticleData Elements on a Nominal Scale
“On a scale from 1 to 10, what color is your favorite letter of the alphabet?” –Slogan on a T-shirt This is one of my favorite T-shirt gags because it teaches something about data types, scales and...
View ArticleData Encoding Schemes
You probably noticed that when you get a bill or bank statement, it uses the current modern Western version of Hindu-Arabic numerals. Yet during the early days of the Renaissance, the accounting firms...
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State Transition Constraints in SQL: Temporal Rules & Validation
State transition constraints enforce valid state changes in a database using DDL rather than application code. The technique uses an auxiliary StateChanges table that defines all legal transitions...
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